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Wednesday, November 30, 2011
Autonomy CEO talks about HP's future, promises 'really stunning technology'
Autonomy CEO talks about HP's future, promises 'really stunning technology' originally appeared on Engadget on Wed, 30 Nov 2011 04:32:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.
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Meet Nashville's square-dancing Occupiers
Christopher Berkey for msnbc.com
Samantha Blanchard works in the Occupy Nashville protest camp on Monday.
By Miranda Leitsinger, Senior Writer and Editor, msnbc.com
NASHVILLE, Tenn. ? Compared to??Occupy? protests on the coasts, the rebel encampment tucked between Tennessee?s War Memorial Plaza and the Statehouse ? a few dozen tents adorned with American flags and even a libertarian one ? has a decidedly Southern feel.
While protesters in New York, California and elsewhere may often pass their downtime playing drums, meditating or knitting,?their Tennessee counterparts could be playing football, hosting a square dance, flying kites, skateboarding or welcoming opponents with cookies.?
And if conversations on the coasts tend toward left-wing political theory, such as anarchy, Marxism and socialism, protesters here work on bridging a different divide: uniting the ?blue? and ?red? factions in their local audience.
"We do have a lot of conservative voices in this camp and the thing that is really appealing to all of us is we believe in the common ties that bind us,? said Samantha Blanchard, a 30-year-old office administrator who was sheltering in a tent as rain poured down on a frosty, grey Sunday afternoon.?
?This is a place where if people were really going to come together and form that 'purple' (combination of blue and red political affiliations) that everybody lusts for, it?s going to probably happen in this camp.??
While occupiers in several other cities have been forced to retreat, Nashville?s protest -- a core group of about 90 and a looser support network of 400 part-timers -- has survived two attempted evictions on Oct. 28-29.? Fifty-five people were arrested on misdemeanor charges of criminal trespassing that were eventually dismissed, said William P. York II, one of the attorneys who represented them.?
Among them was 64-year-old Bill Howell, regional organizer for the Tennesseans for Fair Taxation.
'I've been treated like a rock star'
Howell, who said he had never been arrested before, had planned for the moment, leading other protesters in a reading of the Declaration of Independence before he was taken into custody.
Christopher Berkey for MSNBC
Bill Howell, 64, a regional organizer of Tennesseans for Fair Taxation, at the Occupy Nashville protest camp on Monday, Nov. 28. The "23" tag signifies that he was the 23rd protestor arrested in Nashville.
Reaction to the ?Occupy Nashville? protest has been varied, he said, with ?some people going by honking and hollering, ?Get a job!? and you know all the usual stuff. In my community, in some circles, I?ve been treated like a rock star,? he said chuckling, as a train horn blared in the background.
A preliminary injunction has allowed the camp to remain for now, but a status conference will be held with a federal judge on Feb. 3. However, protesters say ?side attacks? have continued, with city inspectors warning about food preparation safety standards and the state attempting to deny them port-a-potties, which was revealed in emails obtained under Tennessee's open records law, said another one of the Occupy Nashville attorneys, William W. Hunt III.
But efforts to squelch the movement only served to fire up ?couch occupiers,? said Jason Steen, 32, an office administrator.
?We had a good number of people here, but it suddenly turned into a First Amendment issue when Governor (Bill) Haslam started evicting everyone for curfew rights,? he said, estimating that the camp size has more than doubled to about 60 tents in the wake of the arrests.
Though Steen has a home, he spends most of his time at the camp and sometimes sleeps there.
?I just feel that strong about it because if we don?t have people down here for when all the legislators are in session and looking out their windows ? what kind of impact are we going to have??
One of those drawn in over First Amendment concerns was Jon Louis, who describes himself as a right-winger with some liberal social tendencies. He said he grew "irritated" as he watched state troopers arrest protesters.
Christopher Berkey for msnbc.com
Samantha Blanchard, Matthew Hamill and Jon Louis spend time in the Occupy Nashville protest camp on Monday.
Louis, who said some on the right have cast him as a ?plant? in the movement while friends have taken to calling him a "hippie," noted that he does not agree with all of the views put forward at the camp and that it took him a while learning about it before he joined. ?
"There?s some like minds here and there?s also, you know, a melting pot of different opinions," he said, noting he was ?trying to get to the more right conservative South ? mindsets and try to explain it to them, that we aren?t just a bunch of lefties (because) I?m most certainly not a lefty."
Three goals
Despite the range of political beliefs represented in the camp ? and ?Nashville?s reputation as a liberal bastion in the state -- the protesters have winnowed their ?goals? down to three, which are printed on a blue index card and handed out to visitors. They are: ending corporate personhood, getting money out of politics and supporting Occupy Wall Street.
?It?s a lot more conservative here so we definitely have to tailor our approach and our message,? said Elli Whiteway, a 21-year-old college student. ?? We kind of pride ourselves on being a common denominator movement ? that?s been our approach, just trying to be, not exactly centrist, but applicable to both sides of the political spectrum.?
That approach hasn?t won over all conservatives.
The Vanderbilt College Republicans organized a protest at the camp on Nov. 3 ? which the occupiers said they welcomed with cookies and open dialogue.
"We wanted to make known that not all the youths are with the movement, as is perceived by many. Their demands will do nothing but add to the burgeoning debt already on our shoulders," Stephen Siao, the group's president, wrote to msnbc.com in an email. "We think the Occupy Nashville movement is misguided -- they should be protesting at the White House, not at the State Capitol or Wall Street. It's this administration's policies that are prolonging this dreadful economy."
He also said that while Occupy Nashville "might have one or two members who claim to be conservative," the "core of conservatism is personal responsibility, and that is completely the opposite of their demands. We don't believe prosperity should be punished."
At a General Assembly meeting on Sunday, the protesters shivered, stamped their feet and huddled together to keep warm in 45-degree temperatures while outlining upcoming protests, addressing financial donations and discussing a planned two-day meeting of all the state?s occupations ? about a dozen total from towns and cities ? for this weekend.
On the sidelines, Michael Custer, a 47-year-old father of four and self-described rabble-rouser, said that Nashville brings a "unique perspective" to the global movement but also has some additional challenges.
Christopher Berkey for MSNBC
Michael Custer shakes his hands in approval during the General Assembly at the Occupy Nashville protest camp on Monday, Nov. 28.
"We?re the incubation place for Martin Luther King?s nonviolent struggles. This is his test kitchen. ? So we have some unique perspective on the nonviolent aspect of these types of struggles,? he said. ?The South is generally a lot more laidback and a lot more difficult to motivate. But as you can see ? we are out here in the cold and rain so obviously there are quite a few of us that are motivated.?
Custer said he will always be "vocal," but others are not as willing to express their opinions.
?People are terrified of government, they are terrified to the point that they won?t speak out. They?ll tell you what they think behind closed doors,? he said. ?I think a lot of that?s held over from the old Klan days where when you spoke out, they came and beat you up, or tried to kill you.?
'Express yourself'
With other camps across the country shut down by authorities in recent weeks or facing the threat of eviction, ?it really gives us an opportunity to step in and just become one of the most action-oriented occupations,? said Matt Hamill, 26, a self-described political conservative who works for Radio Free Nashville and hosts a weekly radio show on the movement.
Those actions include even lighter fare, such as a square dancing event with a live band held recently in the plaza.
?(It) really kind of hit home ? (that) this is what occupying is about,? Hamill said of the livestream of the event, which garnered positive feedback from supporters around the country. ?? You should be allowed to express yourself however you want to and not have to worry about anybody coming in and trying to silence your voice or shut you down.?
Blanchard also noted that people in the chat were saying they needed to see such a lighthearted event, that it was ?so cathartic to see a camp having fun.?
?I feel like in a lot of ways ? Nashville is starting to become maybe a bit of a tender spot or a hearthstone for other occupiers,? she added. ?We?re like the little heartbeat, the little southern hospitality of the movement.?
Related stories:?
Defying calls to leave, Occupy LA protesters build a 'stronghold'
To demand or not to demand? That is the 'Occupy' question
Homeowner taps 'Occupy' protest to avoid foreclosure
Faces of the Tea Party (revisited): Views on the election and the 'Occupy' movement
?Dissension among the ranks at Occupy Wall Street
'Occupy' protesters find allies in ranks of the wealthy
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Hands-on forensics to solve a murder mystery
Catherine de Lange, contributor
(Image: NHM)
Last Friday, an important-looking email landed in my inbox. The day before, a box of human remains was discovered in a cupboard at the Natural History Museum in London. Initial investigations suggested that they belonged to former Botany Collections Manager, Dr Theo Baroma, who was last seen in 1956.
The email summoned me, as a trainee crime scene investigator (CSI), to a briefing at the museum. There, Detective Inspector Ajoy Gosain from New Scotland Yard filled me in - along with about 100 other trainees - on the mysterious circumstances of Dr Baroma?s disappearance over fifty years ago. Apparently he had gone off on a field trip, never to return.
As part of the museum?s Crime Scene Live event, our job was to investigate whether the remains truly belonged to Dr Baroma, where the victim died, and who might be to blame.
I was pleased to hear that, as trainees, we weren?t expected to get everything right. Because to be frank, until that moment my CSI training had pretty much consisted of watching the first series of Dexter.
Before we began, Detective Gosain reminded us of the vital ABC of crime scene investigation: Assume nothing, Believe no-one, and Check everything. With that advice in mind, we all headed off to the crime scene, kitted out in our protective gear so as not to contaminate any of the evidence.
Cameron Richards and Martin Hall - both forensic entomologists at the museum - chaperoned us into the herbarium where the box of bones was found, and we each collected a dehydrated maggot pupa for examination under the microscope.
Identifying which maggot species were present on the body could help us determine the location of the crime. My maggot was of the Calliphora Vomitoria variety, which is found widely around the UK, although others had identified C. Loewi, found predominately in Northern Scotland. Could it be then, that the victim was in Scotland at the time of death, and the pupae had been carried back hidden in the corpse?s clothes?
Next up we met staff from the London laboratory of the Forensic Science Service, who talked us through fingerprinting methods we could use to try and match some of the prints found on the evidence with those of our suspects.
Using magnetic powder to find fingerprints looks easy on TV, but I found it surprisingly hard to believe that these supposedly unique, but very similar looking, patterns would be enough to help us identify a possible murderer. Debbie, one of the real CSIs on hand, told me that additional patterns can be identified with the help of microscopes, but I was beginning to think forensic science might not be the career for me. The responsibility of being absolutely certain felt huge, and there was so much potential for mistakes.
(Image: NHM)
Finally, we ventured down to the museum?s genetics labs to carry out a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - a way of comparing small sections of DNA to see if they come from the same person. Here, we compared DNA from a piece of Dr Baroma?s appendix with that from bones found at the crime scene. As we wielded our pipettes, lab manager Alex Aitken answered our questions: Does the method really work? Could this type of DNA profiling be used to clone dinosaurs? She explained that there?s a 1 in 10 billion chance of two unrelated people having the same profile, and that, potentially, yes, the technique could be used to clone dinosaurs ? though she pointed out that old DNA samples are often fragmented, and it?s harder to clone things without genetic defects, like Dolly the sheep.
Before we knew it, the results were in: the appendix sample matched the bones, and I was confident we?d identified our body - the corpse really did belong to Baroma.
After two and half hours of exhausting forensic inquiry, it was time to take our evidence to court. Dr Hall, one of the forensic entomologists, was called to the witness stand as barristers battled over the evidence. After quite some deliberation, the judge decided there was insufficient evidence to convict and the case was dismissed.
The whole evening had the feel of a high class murder mystery dinner (only without the dinner, which didn?t go unnoticed - tickets to the event cost ?40 and after hours of intense investigating, our trainee CSIs still had to pay for all their own refreshments).
And despite being told off several times for handling evidence without gloves on, I loved how accurate and immersive the whole event was. Some punters even seemed let down that their evidence didn?t lead to a conviction in court.
But that was part of the point. Real CSI doesn?t match up to what we see on TV. When real people face serious punishments, you can?t take any chances, and although modern science brings us ingenious ways of analyzing a crime scene, things are rarely as clear cut as we?d like them to be.
Then again, there?s a reason why some of the details are cut on CSI TV shows. While Hollywood could learn a thing or two from the forensic staff at the museum, perhaps the museum could make the informative event just a little bit more fun too.
The next live science event will be held in 2012. Details will be made available on the Natural HIstory Museum website.
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Making Money on Gold and Silver Investing ? W32 Article Directory
Though there are numerous ways in which one could save money, investing in gold bars and silver bars has been a chosen path by a few intelligent investors. Investing in the stock market could be extremely risky given the high volatile nature of the market. Though the same may apply to the silver bullion and gold bullion, the amount of risk involved here is less when compared to the stock market.
If one takes a closer look at the way the price of gold and silver have quadrupled over the past decade, it only gives an opportunity for people to invest at the right time. Gold investing has never disappointed as an investment and has given a steady return to the investor. With the kind of demand that is there for this yellow metal across the globe, it only is taking name of increasing and shows no signs of touching the red.
As a result investors have shifted their interest from the stock market to the bullion market in order to cash on the surge in prices. Surprisingly, silver bullion too is witnessing its lifetime high prices and is attracting equal number of investors in comparison with the gold investors. Precious metals investing?gold investing and silver investing is proved to be one reliable investment which guarantees security as well as decent returns even during the most volatile of economic times. Investing in gold bars and silver bars is considered to be an ideal form of investment as it gives a great sense of security and stability too.
When one is investing in gold bars and silver bars, they could also cash in on the price fluctuations that take place during the day. Though this might not prove to be very effective in short term perspective, it is one of the best and the safest methods of investing your capital and getting maximum return on your investment.
The present scenario carves a rosy picture for people interested in silver bullion too. Investors with very keen acumen will recognize the fact that silver appreciates more than gold at least by a percent. So, make the best investment by wisely indulging in gold investing and silver investing through a reliable precious metals exchange counter.
Source: http://w32.net/making-money-on-gold-and-silver-investing/
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[OOC] Their Stories 1865
Forum rules
This forum is for OOC discussion about existing roleplays.
This is the auto-generated OOC topic for the roleplay "Their Stories 1865"
This forum is for OOC discussion about existing roleplays.
Please post all "Players Wanted" threads in the Roleplayers Wanted forum!
This topic is an Out Of Character part of the roleplay, ?Their Stories 1865?. Anything posted here will also show up there.Topic Tags:
Forum for completely Out of Character (OOC) discussion, based around whatever is happening In Character (IC). Discuss plans, storylines, and events; Recruit for your roleplaying game, or find a GM for your playergroup.This is the auto-generated OOC topic for the roleplay "Their Stories 1865"
You may edit this first post as you see fit.
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DumbDora - Member for 1 years
May I reserve woman three please I will make her as soon as possible .
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Eleera Cain - Member for 0 years
May I reserve Woman Four, please? ^^
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YoshiFTW - Member for 0 years
May I reserve Woman One if it's still available?
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LunaTwilight - Member for 1 years
Sure, I'm not reserving, but I do let everyone try out.
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DumbDora - Member for 1 years
Alright. Any specific character sheet you want us to follow?
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YoshiFTW - Member for 0 years
The character tab is fine. Just warning you, absolutely NO anime characters. This is realistic.
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DumbDora - Member for 1 years
Okay,
Wasn't planning on using anything to do with anime, I actually prefer realistic over it. :P
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YoshiFTW - Member for 0 years
Great! Can't wait to see them. :)
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DumbDora - Member for 1 years
I'll be trying for woman three ! :)
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Sarcasm - Member for 0 years
And I believe that I will be trying for Man One! =)
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Thadine - Member for 0 years
Sarcasm, the girl should be around 18ish, unmarried girls are usually younger than 18 back then, unless there is an underlying reason.
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DumbDora - Member for 1 years
Alrighty! Didn't know what to put so I figured twenty and you would tell me whether to go up or down haha xD.
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Sarcasm - Member for 0 years
Are there any specifics for Woman One that I should know since I'm trying out for her?
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LunaTwilight - Member for 1 years
The pirate? No specifics, she can be as old as you want her to be.
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DumbDora - Member for 1 years
Return to Out of Character
Post a reply
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Tuesday, November 29, 2011
New York homeless policy change called "cruel" (Reuters)
NEW YORK (Reuters) ? The New York City Council voted on Tuesday to sue Mayor Michael Bloomberg's administration over new eligibility requirements for homeless shelters that the council speaker described as "cruel and punitive."
Christine Quinn, the council speaker, said the policy was "cruel and punitive and wrongheaded" and would result in homeless New Yorkers being "sent out into the street".
She said the mayor's administration did not follow required procedures in drawing up the policy change.
"The public has to have opportunity to comment. I would argue that it hasn't happened because it's a bad policy and you don't promote things you're not proud of."
The lawsuit would be the first independent suit against the mayor's office during Quinn's tenure as speaker since 2006.
Seth Diamond, the commissioner of the Department of Homeless Services, told Reuters the proportion of people in shelters coming directly from living on the streets has decreased to about 15 percent from 33 percent five years ago.
"The overwhelming majority of people are coming from living with someone else," he said. "The system has developed so that people use it as a first option. We think it should be for people who have no alternatives," Diamond said.
"If you're there because you've had a fight with your mother or your brother, we can help to step in to mediate," he said.
The policy would require adults seeking shelter to provide information, including documents where possible, about their recent housing history and financial resources.
Diamond said the policy was designed to help staff better advise single people. It was based on a similar admissions policy in place for the last 15 years for homeless families, which has also been criticized by City Council members.
He said that anyone who genuinely needed shelter would still be provided a place to stay under the new policy. About 8,500 individuals, not including families, stayed in city shelters on Sunday night, Diamond said.
The new policy would save an estimated $4 million from the department's $800 million budget, Diamond said.
The Bloomberg administration has agreed to postpone implementing the new policy, which had been due to start on November 14, until a judgment was reached in an earlier lawsuit filed in state Supreme Court by the Legal Aid Society, a not-for-profit legal organization for low-income New Yorkers.
Speaker Quinn said the council's lawsuit will likely be filed by mid-December.
(Editing by Barbara Goldberg and Greg McCune)
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The Problem With Carbon-Cutting Programs
What are the problems with the credit methods?
Lax verification for carbon-offset projects has been a problem for several schemes. For the credit-creating projects to be effective at reducing overall greenhouse-gas emissions, the scheme operators are supposed to approve only projects that would otherwise not have gone ahead. The auditor-general criticized the Alberta Department of Environment and Water for allowing carbon credits for emissions-reducing activities that have become common practice.
The Alberta report found a lack of standards for how agricultural credits were verified ? not one of the credits the auditors checked could be confirmed. It also pointed out that there was no standardized, accurate method for measuring the emissions from oil-sands tailing ponds, which store contaminated water, clay, sand and bitumen from oil-sands processing.
Many opponents of emissions trading programmes also argue that companies are likely to purchase carbon offsets instead of reducing emissions by adopting new technologies or changing their operating practices.
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Sony 4K home cinema projector coming in January for ?18,000
Sony 4K home cinema projector coming in January for ?18,000 originally appeared on Engadget on Mon, 28 Nov 2011 11:29:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.
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Monday, November 28, 2011
UCLA researchers engineer blood stem cells to fight melanoma
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Public release date: 28-Nov-2011[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Kim Irwin
kirwin@mednet.ucla.edu
310-206-2805
University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences
Researchers from UCLA's cancer and stem cell centers have demonstrated for the first time that blood stem cells can be engineered to create cancer-killing T-cells that seek out and attack a human melanoma. The researchers believe this approach could be useful in 40 percent of Caucasians with this malignancy.
Done in mouse models, the study serves as first proof-of-principle that blood stem cells, which make every cell type found in blood, can be genetically altered in a living organism to create an army of melanoma-fighting T-cells, said Jerome Zack, study senior author and a scientist with UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA.
"We knew from previous studies that we could generate engineered T-cells, but would they work to fight cancer in a relevant model of human disease, such as melanoma," said Zack, a professor of medicine and microbiology, immunology, and molecular genetics in Life Sciences. "We found with this study that they do work in a human model to fight cancer, and it's a pretty exciting finding."
The study appears Nov. 28, 2011 in the early online edition of the peer-reviewed journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Researchers used a T-cell receptor from a cancer patient cloned by other scientists that seeks out an antigen expressed by this type of melanoma. They then genetically engineered the human blood stem cells by importing genes for the T-cell receptor into the stem cell nucleus using a viral vehicle. The genes integrate with the cell DNA and are permanently incorporated into the blood stem cells, theoretically enabling them to produce melanoma-fighting cells indefinitely and when needed, said Dimitrios N. Vatakis, study first author and an assistant researcher in Zack's lab.
"The nice thing about this approach is a few engineered stem cells can turn into an army of T-cells that will respond to the presence of this melanoma antigen," Vatakis said. "These cells can exist in the periphery of the blood and if they detect the melanoma antigen, they can replicate to fight the cancer."
In the study, the engineered blood stem cells were placed into human thymus tissue that had been implanted in the mice, allowing Zack and his team to study the human immune system reaction to melanoma in a living organism. Over time, about six weeks, the engineered blood stem cells developed into a large population of mature, melanoma-specific T-cells that were able to target the right cancer cells.
The mice were then implanted with two types of melanoma, one that expressed the antigen complex that attracts the engineered T-cells and one tumor that did not. The engineered cells specifically went after the antigen-expressing melanoma, leaving the control tumor alone, Zack said.
The study included nine mice. In four animals, the antigen-expressing melanomas were completely eliminated. In the other five mice, the antigen-expressing melanomas decreased in size, Zack said, an impressive finding.
Response was assessed not only by measuring physical tumor size, but by monitoring the cancer's metabolic activity using Positron Emission Tomography (PET), which measures how much energy the cancer is "eating" to drive its growth.
"We were very happy to see that four tumors were completely gone and the rest had regressed, both by measuring their size and actually seeing their metabolic activity through PET," Zack said.
This approach to immune system engineering has intriguing implications, Zack said. T-cells can be engineered to fight disease, but their function is not long-lasting in most cases. More engineered T-cells ultimately are needed to sustain a response. This approach engineers the cells that give rise to the T-cells, so "fresh" cancer-killing cells could be generated when needed, perhaps protecting against cancer recurrence later.
Going forward, the team would like to test this approach in clinical trials. One possible approach would be to engineer both the peripheral T-cells and the blood stem cells that give rise to T-cells. The peripheral T-cells would serve as the front line cancer fighters, while the blood stem cells are creating a second wave of warriors to take up the battle as the front line T-cells are losing function.
Zack said he hopes this engineered immunity approach will translate to other cancers as well, including breast and prostate cancers.
###
The four-year study was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, the Caltech-UCLA Joint Center for Translational Medicine, UCLA Center for AIDS Research and the UCLA AIDS Institute.
UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center has more than 240 researchers and clinicians engaged in disease research, prevention, detection, control, treatment and education. One of the nation's largest comprehensive cancer centers, the Jonsson center is dedicated to promoting research and translating basic science into leading-edge clinical studies. In July 2011, the Jonsson Cancer Center was named among the top 10 cancer centers nationwide by U.S. News & World Report, a ranking it has held for 11 of the last 12 years. For more information on the Jonsson Cancer Center, visit our website at http://www.cancer.ucla.edu.
The stem cell center was launched in 2005 with a UCLA commitment of $20 million over five years. A $20 million gift from the Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation in 2007 resulted in the renaming of the center. With more than 200 members, the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research is committed to a multi-disciplinary, integrated collaboration of scientific, academic and medical disciplines for the purpose of understanding adult and human embryonic stem cells. The center supports innovation, excellence and the highest ethical standards focused on stem cell research with the intent of facilitating basic scientific inquiry directed towards future clinical applications to treat disease. The center is a collaboration of the David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA's Jonsson Cancer Center, the Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science and the UCLA College of Letters and Science. To learn more about the center, visit our web site at http://www.stemcell.ucla.edu. To learn more about the center, visit our web site at http://www.stemcell.ucla.edu.
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Public release date: 28-Nov-2011[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Kim Irwin
kirwin@mednet.ucla.edu
310-206-2805
University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences
Researchers from UCLA's cancer and stem cell centers have demonstrated for the first time that blood stem cells can be engineered to create cancer-killing T-cells that seek out and attack a human melanoma. The researchers believe this approach could be useful in 40 percent of Caucasians with this malignancy.
Done in mouse models, the study serves as first proof-of-principle that blood stem cells, which make every cell type found in blood, can be genetically altered in a living organism to create an army of melanoma-fighting T-cells, said Jerome Zack, study senior author and a scientist with UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA.
"We knew from previous studies that we could generate engineered T-cells, but would they work to fight cancer in a relevant model of human disease, such as melanoma," said Zack, a professor of medicine and microbiology, immunology, and molecular genetics in Life Sciences. "We found with this study that they do work in a human model to fight cancer, and it's a pretty exciting finding."
The study appears Nov. 28, 2011 in the early online edition of the peer-reviewed journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Researchers used a T-cell receptor from a cancer patient cloned by other scientists that seeks out an antigen expressed by this type of melanoma. They then genetically engineered the human blood stem cells by importing genes for the T-cell receptor into the stem cell nucleus using a viral vehicle. The genes integrate with the cell DNA and are permanently incorporated into the blood stem cells, theoretically enabling them to produce melanoma-fighting cells indefinitely and when needed, said Dimitrios N. Vatakis, study first author and an assistant researcher in Zack's lab.
"The nice thing about this approach is a few engineered stem cells can turn into an army of T-cells that will respond to the presence of this melanoma antigen," Vatakis said. "These cells can exist in the periphery of the blood and if they detect the melanoma antigen, they can replicate to fight the cancer."
In the study, the engineered blood stem cells were placed into human thymus tissue that had been implanted in the mice, allowing Zack and his team to study the human immune system reaction to melanoma in a living organism. Over time, about six weeks, the engineered blood stem cells developed into a large population of mature, melanoma-specific T-cells that were able to target the right cancer cells.
The mice were then implanted with two types of melanoma, one that expressed the antigen complex that attracts the engineered T-cells and one tumor that did not. The engineered cells specifically went after the antigen-expressing melanoma, leaving the control tumor alone, Zack said.
The study included nine mice. In four animals, the antigen-expressing melanomas were completely eliminated. In the other five mice, the antigen-expressing melanomas decreased in size, Zack said, an impressive finding.
Response was assessed not only by measuring physical tumor size, but by monitoring the cancer's metabolic activity using Positron Emission Tomography (PET), which measures how much energy the cancer is "eating" to drive its growth.
"We were very happy to see that four tumors were completely gone and the rest had regressed, both by measuring their size and actually seeing their metabolic activity through PET," Zack said.
This approach to immune system engineering has intriguing implications, Zack said. T-cells can be engineered to fight disease, but their function is not long-lasting in most cases. More engineered T-cells ultimately are needed to sustain a response. This approach engineers the cells that give rise to the T-cells, so "fresh" cancer-killing cells could be generated when needed, perhaps protecting against cancer recurrence later.
Going forward, the team would like to test this approach in clinical trials. One possible approach would be to engineer both the peripheral T-cells and the blood stem cells that give rise to T-cells. The peripheral T-cells would serve as the front line cancer fighters, while the blood stem cells are creating a second wave of warriors to take up the battle as the front line T-cells are losing function.
Zack said he hopes this engineered immunity approach will translate to other cancers as well, including breast and prostate cancers.
###
The four-year study was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, the Caltech-UCLA Joint Center for Translational Medicine, UCLA Center for AIDS Research and the UCLA AIDS Institute.
UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center has more than 240 researchers and clinicians engaged in disease research, prevention, detection, control, treatment and education. One of the nation's largest comprehensive cancer centers, the Jonsson center is dedicated to promoting research and translating basic science into leading-edge clinical studies. In July 2011, the Jonsson Cancer Center was named among the top 10 cancer centers nationwide by U.S. News & World Report, a ranking it has held for 11 of the last 12 years. For more information on the Jonsson Cancer Center, visit our website at http://www.cancer.ucla.edu.
The stem cell center was launched in 2005 with a UCLA commitment of $20 million over five years. A $20 million gift from the Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation in 2007 resulted in the renaming of the center. With more than 200 members, the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research is committed to a multi-disciplinary, integrated collaboration of scientific, academic and medical disciplines for the purpose of understanding adult and human embryonic stem cells. The center supports innovation, excellence and the highest ethical standards focused on stem cell research with the intent of facilitating basic scientific inquiry directed towards future clinical applications to treat disease. The center is a collaboration of the David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA's Jonsson Cancer Center, the Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science and the UCLA College of Letters and Science. To learn more about the center, visit our web site at http://www.stemcell.ucla.edu. To learn more about the center, visit our web site at http://www.stemcell.ucla.edu.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-11/uoc--ure112811.php
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VCU fades late in 72-64 loss at No. 13 Alabama (AP)
TUSCALOOSA, Ala. ? Bradford Burgess couldn't take solace from the fact that VCU hung in there with No. 13 Alabama and his former coach for 36 minutes.
The final four minutes were what bothered him after the Rams fell 72-64 to the unbeaten Crimson Tide and Anthony Grant on Sunday night.
"I'm not happy because we lost," said Burgess, who was recruited to VCU by Grant. "I don't really believe much in moral victories. We had an opportunity and we let it slip away."
Not before they left an impression on Grant, who said VCU "may be the best 3-3 team in the country, just based on what they're capable of."
JaMychal Green scored 16 of his 21 points in the second half and had 14 rebounds, and Tony Mitchell scored 13 to lead the Tide. VCU coach Shaka Smart wasn't surprised by their performances.
"I tried to explain to our guys the tape doesn't really do justice to how athletic those guys are and how active they are," said Smart, who worked with both Tide players with USA Basketball over the summer. "Green was a monster tonight. He was terrific."
Green had missed the previous game with a hip bruise but helped the Crimson Tide move to 7-0 for the first time since 2006-07. Mitchell sprained his right ankle in the previous game.
The Tide trailed VCU (3-3) by as many as six points in the second half but closed the game on a 12-5 run and allowed only one basket over the final 4 minutes.
"During the last four or five minutes of the game, our guys really stepped it up on the defensive end," Grant said.
Burgess hit three 3-pointers in the second half and scored 18 points to lead VCU, which also got 10 points from both Rob Brandenburg and Juvon te Reddic.
"Alabama deserved to win tonight," Smart said. "They played really hard and caused us some issues, particularly in the second half. They blocked six shots, but they really changed a lot more shots."
Grant led VCU to 76 wins from 2006-09 before taking over at Alabama. Smart, his successor, took the Rams even farther with a Final Four run last season, but his team's stuck at .500 despite coming off wins in two straight games against Western Kentucky.
Both teams turned up the full-court pressure at times and bank on stingy defenses that keep them going even when their shots aren't falling.
"It pretty much was like looking in the mirror and playing ourselves," Green said. "They're a very disruptive team. We couldn't run our offense the first half but the second half we executed better and just had more focus.
Burgess is the only Grant recruit who saw action for the Rams. The two shared a quick hug and chat after the game.
"He just said he loved me," Burgess said. "I told him I loved him back."
Alabama made 13 of 21 shots (62 percent) in the second half after trailing at halftime for the first time this season, 33-32. The Tide outscored VCU 40-24 in the paint, which helped overcome 1-of-11 shooting from 3-point range.
The Tide took a 66-60 lead with 2:30 left on an 8-0 run finished off by two freshmen.
Trevor Lacey drove the floor for a layup after Green's blocked shot and Rodney Cooper followed with another basket for Alabama's biggest lead to that point.
Brandenburg hit two free throws to end the string. Mitchell then made 3 of 4 free throws to stretch the lead to 69-62 with 1:32 left.
The Tide went 6 of 8 from the line over the final 1:54.
Mitchell hurt his ankle early in the previous game and limped off the court 7 minutes into the game after scoring six of the Tide's first 10 points. Green, who was 8 of 12 from the field, also spent a few minutes in the locker room with a bruised left elbow in the first half.
It didn't stop them from scoring nearly half of the Tide's points.
VCU hit 40 percent from the field but still managed to score the most points of any Alabama opponent this season.
"The second half was what killed us," Reddic said. "The first half we fought, but just to fight in the first half is not good enough. You've got to fight for the entire 40 minutes."
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Microsoft Exec: We've Had Siri-Style Tech For Over A Year
| Home | Apple Stock | Tracked Sites | TechNN | | E-Mail | Sherlock Plugin Close Left Panel | Login | Subscribe to MacSurfer's Headline News Poll | Most Popular | Talking Heads | A Year Ago Today | Checked 7:00 PM; Last Updated 5:15 PM CST; 23:15 GMT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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